Article I of the United States Constitution invests the legislative power of the American people into a Congress, to be made up of a Senate and a House of Representatives. This was to be kept separate, to the best of their abilities, from the executive branch of government that would enforce the law, and the judicial branch that would interpret the law, as the Founders largely subscribed to Montesquieu’s model of the separation of powers. However, Founders such as James Madison also found it prudent that such departments “be so far connected and blended as to give to each a constitutional control over the others” lest “the degree of separation which the maxim requires, as essential to a free government, can never in practice be duly maintained.”
Gurgadi to Khalsa at Tilak Asthan Sri Chamkaur Sahib - ਗੁਰਗੱਦੀ ਖਾਲਸੇ ਨੂੰ
Giani Gian Singh in Navin Panth Prakash [1880] writes of the plight Guru Gobind Singh and the Singhs faced at Chamkaur Sahib, when the Guru made the decision to gift the title of Guru to the Khalsa. Suraj Prakash [1843], by the Great Poet Santokh Singh, also states the Khalsa was given Guru status at Chamkaur. Following the passage below, the Guru gives Sant Singh his clothes, weapons and jewelry, along with 5 dollars and a coconut before bowing down to the Khalsa.
The True Guru then thought in his mind, "There are two types of offspring in the world. One is called genetic and the other disciples [Sikhs]*. At this moment I have both.
[But] my genetic offspring are now being killed, and my Sikhs day by day are ever increasing. Thus my Sikhs are my children, the great Panth of the Khalsa.
This Panth will remain in this world as long as the earth, moon, and sun exist. This gift of the status of Guru in the Guru's house I will give now to them, the Khalsa."
Thinking this the Guru called all the Singhs, they quickly came close, bowing down and then sitting beside the Guru. On all sides a special court session commenced.
The True Guru looking at their pains asked them all properly if they were well. The Guru said to all the Singhs, "I am now giving the Panth the title of Guru"
*the word used was Nādī, meaning through sound/speech/influence, so one could translate this as disciple/Sikh*
Navin Panth Prakash [1880], author: Giani Gian Singh
Gurgadi to Khalsa at Tilak Asthan Sri Chamkaur Sahib - ਗੁਰਗੱਦੀ ਖਾਲਸੇ ਨੂੰ
Giani Gian Singh in Navin Panth Prakash [1880] writes of the plight Guru Gobind Singh and the Singhs faced at Chamkaur Sahib, when the Guru made the decision to gift the title of Guru to the Khalsa. Suraj Prakash [1843], by the Great Poet Santokh Singh, also states the Khalsa was given Guru status at Chamkaur. Following the passage below, the Guru gives Sant Singh his clothes, weapons and jewelry, along with 5 dollars and a coconut before bowing down to the Khalsa.
ਫਿਰ ਸਤਿਗੁਰੁ ਮਨਿ ਐਸ ਵਿਚਾਰਾ । ਹੈ ਸੰਤਤਿ ਜਗਿ ਜੁਗ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰਾਂ।
ਇਕ ਬਿੰਦੀ ਇਕ ਨਾਦੀ ਕਹੀਏ। ਸੋ ਹਮਰੇ ਦੋਨੋ ਅਬਿ ਹਈਏ ॥੭੦॥
The True Guru then thought in his mind, "There are two types of offspring in the world. One is called genetic and the other disciples [Sikhs]*. At this moment I have both.
ਬਿੰਦੀ ਸੰਤਤਿ ਹਮਰੀ ਨਾਸੈ । ਨਾਦੀ ਦਿਨ ਦਿਨ ਬਹੁ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸੈ ॥
ਤਾਂ ਤੈ ਨਾਦੀ ਮਮ ਸੰਤਾਨਾ। ਆਹਿ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਪੰਥ ਮਹਾਨਾ॥੭੧॥
[But] my genetic offspring are now being killed, and my Sikhs day by day are ever increasing. Thus my Sikhs are my children, the great Panth of the Khalsa.
ਪੁਨ ਯਹਿ ਪੰਥ ਰਹੈ ਗੋ ਤਬਿ ਲੌ। ਸੂਰ ਸਸੀ ਧਰ ਹੈ ਜਗਿ ਜਬਿ ਲੌਂ ।
ਯਹਿ ਗੁਰੁ ਘਰੁ ਕੀ ਵਸਤੁ ਗੁਰਯਾਈ । ਦੇਵਹੁਂ ਅਬੀ ਖਾਲਸੇ ਤਾਂਈਂ ॥੭੨॥
This Panth will remain in this world as long as the earth, moon, and sun exist. This gift of the status of Guru in the Guru's house I will give now to them, the Khalsa."
ਯੌ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਸਭਿ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁਲਾਏ। ਤੂਰਨ ਗੁਰੁ ਪੂਰਨ ਢਿਗ ਆਏ।
ਕਰਿ ਬੰਦਨ ਬੈਠੇ ਗੁਰੁ ਪਾਸੂ। ਲਾਇ ਦਿਵਾਨ ਚੁਫੇਰੇ ਖਾਸੂ ॥੭੩॥
Thinking this the Guru called all the Singhs, they quickly came close, bowing down and then sitting beside the Guru. On all sides a special court session commenced.
ਤਬਿ ਸਤਿਗੁਰੁ ਸਭਿ ਤਰਫ ਨਿਹਾਰਾ । ਪਰਖਯੋ ਸਭਿ ਕੋ ਭਲ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰਾ।
ਸਭਿ ਸਿੰਘਨ ਕੋ ਕਹਯੋ ਸੁਨਾਈ । ਦੈਹੂਂ ਪੰਥ ਕੋ ਮੈਂ ਗੁਰਯਾਈ ॥੭੪॥
The True Guru looking at their pains asked them all properly if they were well. The Guru said to all the Singhs, "I am now giving the Panth the title of Guru"
*the word used was Nādī, meaning through sound/speech/influence, so one could translate this as disciple/Sikh*
Navin Panth Prakash [1880], author: Giani Gian Singh
Purabaradh Bisram 64, verses 70-74
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